A torus is a benign (non-cancerous) bony growth that develops in the mouth. They're typically slow-growing and painless, and most people don't even realize they have one until a dentist points it out during a routine examination. While they can occur in various locations in the mouth, the two most common types are mandibular tori (on the lower jaw) and maxillary tori (on the hard palate, the roof of your mouth). Understanding what causes these growths and what, if any, treatment is necessary is important for maintaining good oral health.
What Causes Tori in the Mouth?
The exact cause of tori is still not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:
- Genetics: A strong familial predisposition is often observed. If your parents or other close relatives have tori, your chances of developing them are significantly higher. This suggests a genetic component plays a crucial role.
- Mechanical Stress: Some researchers suggest that constant pressure or friction on the jawbone, such as from clenching or grinding your teeth (bruxism), might stimulate bone growth and lead to tori formation.
- Hormonal Factors: Changes in hormonal levels, particularly in women during pregnancy or menopause, might influence bone growth and potentially contribute to tori development. However, this link is not definitively established.
- Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors may also play a role, although more research is needed to confirm this.
It's important to note that tori are not typically associated with any underlying health problems. They are simply a benign bony overgrowth.
What Do Mandibular and Maxillary Tori Look Like?
Mandibular Tori: These usually appear as hard, bony growths along the lingual surface of the mandible (the lower jaw), specifically on the inner surface near the lower teeth. They can vary significantly in size and shape, ranging from small, nodular growths to large, fused masses.
Maxillary Tori: These bony growths are found on the midline of the hard palate (roof of the mouth). They can be flat, nodular, or lobular in shape and vary in size. Like mandibular tori, their appearance can vary considerably from person to person.
Are Tori in the Mouth Harmful?
Generally, tori are harmless. They're non-cancerous and don't usually cause pain or interfere with daily functions like eating or speaking. However, there are some exceptions:
- Interference with Dentures: Large tori can interfere with the proper fit and function of dentures. This can lead to discomfort and difficulty wearing dentures.
- Ulceration: Although rare, trauma to the tori (e.g., biting down hard) can lead to ulceration.
- Cosmetic Concerns: Some individuals may be concerned about the appearance of tori and seek removal for cosmetic reasons.
When Should I See a Dentist About a Tori?
While most tori require no treatment, you should consult your dentist if:
- You experience pain or discomfort.
- The tori are interfering with your dentures.
- You've noticed a significant change in size or appearance.
- You have concerns about the cosmetic appearance.
How are Tori Treated?
Treatment is generally only recommended if the tori are causing problems, such as interfering with dentures or causing pain. The most common treatment involves surgical removal. This is usually a straightforward procedure, but it's crucial to discuss the risks and benefits with your dentist or oral surgeon beforehand.
Can Tori be Prevented?
There's no proven way to prevent tori. Given the strong genetic component, it’s difficult to avoid their development entirely. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regularly visiting your dentist for checkups can help identify any issues early on.
What is the Difference Between a Tori and a Cyst?
Tori and cysts are distinct oral lesions. Tori are benign bony overgrowths, while cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can be benign or cancerous. A dentist or oral surgeon can easily distinguish between the two through a clinical examination.
Are Tori Common?
Yes, tori are relatively common, particularly in adults. Their prevalence increases with age. They are more prevalent in certain populations, and the exact reasons for this are still under investigation.
This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified dental professional for any concerns about your oral health.
